ELECTRICAL BASICS

Fix a socket that has stopped working

Diagnose why a socket stopped working, fix loose wiring or a wobbly back box, then test it safely.

AB-01Work out if it's just the one socketPlug a lamp or phone charger into the dead socket to confirm it really has stopped working. Then check nearby sockets and anything else on the same wall or room. If everything on that circuit is dead, the fault is on the circuit, not just this one socket.
1 each · Lamp or phone charger (household item)
AB-02Check the consumer unitOpen the consumer unit and look for a tripped MCB switch sitting halfway, or a tripped RCD. Reset it once by flicking it fully off, then on. If it trips again straight away, stop - there's a fault on the circuit, and you need a registered electrician rather than keeping resetting it.
AB-03Isolate the circuit at the consumer unitBefore you open the socket, switch off the MCB for that circuit (or remove the fuse if you have an older fuse box). Don't rely on the switch on the socket itself - that only cuts the appliance, not the wiring behind the faceplate. Tell anyone else in the house not to switch it back on while you're working.
AB-04Prove the circuit is deadUse your voltage tester on the terminals inside the socket before you touch any wires, exactly as you would on any other electrical job. Never assume the circuit is off just because you flicked a switch or an MCB - prove it.
AB-05Remove the faceplate and look insideUndo the two fixing screws and ease the faceplate away from the wall - the wires are still attached, so don't pull hard. Check every terminal screw is tight, look for a wire that has slipped out, and check for brown scorch marks or a burning smell, which point to a bad connection that has been arcing.
1 each · Insulated screwdriver set
AB-06Fix loose wiring or replace a damaged faceplateTighten any loose terminal screw. If a wire has come loose, strip back about 10mm of fresh copper and reinsert it fully before tightening. If the faceplate is cracked, scorched, or the terminals are damaged, replace it with a new socket of the same type and rating - match single or double, and screwless or standard style.
RULES
1 each · Replacement socket outlet
1 each · Wire strippers
KNOW THE RULES

A simple like-for-like repair or faceplate swap on the same circuit isn't notifiable work. But new wiring, moving a socket, or any electrical work in a bathroom counts as notifiable work under Part P of the Building Regulations - use a registered electrician or notify your local authority building control.

AB-07Check the back box for movementIf the socket rocks or the box itself moves in the wall, that's often the real cause of an intermittent fault. How you re-fix it depends on the wall. In solid brick or block, drill out with a 6mm masonry bit and fit new wall plugs with 40mm screws into the box's fixing lugs. In plasterboard on timber studs, drive a 35mm wood screw straight into the timber lug behind the box. In plasterboard on metal studs - common in flats and anything built or refitted since the 1990s - use a self-drilling metal-stud fixing, never a wood screw, which strips straight through 0.5mm steel; work out which you have by running a magnet or stud detector along the wall to trace a line of screw heads, and by checking whether a small pilot hole gives fine timber dust or grey metal swarf. On dot-and-dab plasterboard, use a screw long enough to reach the masonry behind the dab, typically 50-65mm - the plasterboard alone won't hold it. On lath and plaster, screw into the wooden batten behind the laths if there is one, and don't overtighten, as laths crack easily. Before drilling anywhere near a socket, use a cable and pipe detector, but still treat every wall as if something is hidden - detectors miss cables in metal conduit, behind metal-backed board, or run outside the usual safe zones. Keep the circuit isolated at the consumer unit throughout, and if you're at all unsure what's behind the wall, stop and get advice rather than drilling blind.
1 each · Masonry drill bit, 6mm
1 pack · Wall plugs, pack
1 pack · Screws, 40mm, pack
1 pack · Wood screws, 35mm, pack
1 pack · Self-drilling metal-stud fixings, pack
1 each · Magnet or stud detector
AB-08Screw the faceplate back onFold the wires neatly back into the box so nothing is trapped or squashed. Refit the faceplate and tighten the two screws evenly - don't overtighten, as cracked plastic from an over-tight screw is a common mistake. Check the faceplate sits flush and level before you finish.
AB-09Restore power and test properlySwitch the MCB back on, or refit the fuse. Test the socket with a plug-in socket tester or a lamp, and leave it running for a few minutes. If it feels warm or smells odd, stop and get a registered electrician - don't keep using it.
1 each · Plug-in socket tester
AB-10Tidy upVacuum up any dust or debris from drilling and wipe down the wall around the socket. Dispose of any old faceplate or damaged fittings safely, and keep spare screws and fixings for next time.

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