PLUMBING

Replace a close-coupled toilet

A step-by-step guide to removing an old toilet and fitting a new one, including how to fix it securely.

RT-01Clear the area and get readyMove any bath mats, bins or storage away from the toilet and lay a dust sheet or old towels on the floor. Unbox the new toilet and check you have the cistern, pan, doughnut washer, fixing bolts and screws, plus the seat. Get your tools together: adjustable spanner, screwdriver, drill, spirit level and a bucket.
1 each · Dust sheet
1 each · Adjustable spanner
RT-02Turn off the water and empty the cisternIsolate the water supply to the toilet, then flush it to empty most of the water out. Sponge out what's left in the cistern and pan. Undo the supply pipe connector at the base of the cistern with an adjustable spanner, holding a towel underneath to catch any drips.
2 each · Old towel
1 each · Sponge
RT-03Remove the old cisternUndo the two fixing bolts joining the cistern to the pan — they're often hidden under small plastic caps at the base of the cistern. Lift the cistern straight up and off, and stand it on a towel to protect the floor.
RT-04Remove the old panUnscrew the pan from the floor, usually two screws hidden under caps at the base. Gently rock the pan side to side to break the seal at the pan connector, then lift it clear. Immediately stuff a rag into the exposed soil pipe to stop smells escaping and stop anything falling in.
1 each · Rag or cloth
RT-05Check the waste connector and clean upLook at the pan connector (the rubber or plastic sleeve that joins pan to soil pipe) for cracks or hardened rubber, and fit a new one if it's old — it's cheap and far easier to replace now than later. Scrape off old sealant and grime from the floor where the pan used to sit.
1 each · Pan connector (rubber boot)
1 each · Scraper
RT-06Fix the new pan to the floorPush the new pan's connector onto the soil pipe and dry-fit the pan in position before drilling anything. On a timber floor, screw down into the floorboard or joist below with the screws supplied. On a solid concrete floor, mark the holes, drill and plug the floor, then screw down. Pipes and cables can run under a floor as well as behind a wall, so drill cautiously, stop if you meet unexpected resistance, and know where your stopcock is (usually under the kitchen sink) before you start, just in case.
2 each · Pan fixing screws
2 each · Wall plugs (for concrete floor)
RT-07Fit the cistern to the panFit the rubber doughnut washer between the cistern and the pan, then lower the cistern into place, lining up the bolt holes. Push the fixing bolts through with their washers and tighten evenly, a little at a time on each side. Snug is enough — over-tightening can crack the porcelain.
1 set · Cistern fixing bolt set
RT-08Fix the cistern bracket to the wallCheck whether your cistern has a wall bracket or lug for stability — most close-coupled models do. First work out your wall type: solid brick or block sounds dead when tapped, a stud wall sounds hollow. If it's hollow, run a stud detector or magnet along the wall to find the studs, then drill a small pilot hole — timber dust means a timber stud, fine grey swarf means a metal stud. Into solid brick or block, drill a 6mm hole 40-50mm deep and use a plastic wall plug with the screw provided. Into a timber stud, drive a wood screw straight into its centre. Into a metal stud, use a self-drilling metal-stud fixing — never a plastic plug or a wood screw, they strip straight through 0.5mm steel. Between studs, or into dot-and-dab plasterboard, use a toggle-type hollow-wall fixing rated for at least 5kg; on dot-and-dab, use screws long enough (typically 60-75mm) to also bite into the masonry behind. On lath and plaster, hollow-wall toggles can crack the old lime plaster, so find a solid timber lath or batten first, or fix through to the masonry behind if there is one. Cables and pipes can run almost anywhere in a wall, so use a detector but still assume something is there until you've proved otherwise. Know where your stopcock is before you drill, and if you're at all unsure what's behind the wall, isolate the electrics at the consumer unit first.
2 each · Plastic wall plugs
2 each · Metal-stud self-drilling fixing
2 each · Toggle-type hollow-wall fixing
1 each · Cable and pipe detector (hire or buy)
RT-09Connect the water supplyConnect the flexible tap connector between the isolation valve and the cistern's fill valve inlet, wrapping the threads with PTFE tape first. Hand-tighten, then add a quarter turn with the spanner — don't overtighten plastic fittings.
RULES
1 each · Flexible tap connector
1 roll · PTFE tape
KNOW THE RULES

Any fitting connected to the mains water supply must meet the Water Supply (Water Fittings) Regulations 1999. Use a WRAS-approved cistern fill valve with proper backflow protection.

RT-10Turn the water on and check for leaksSlowly open the isolation valve and let the cistern fill. Check the supply connector, the cistern-to-pan joint, and the pan connector at the soil pipe for any drips. Flush once, then check all the joints again after a few minutes.
RT-11Fit the seat and finish upFit the seat using the fixings supplied, tightening by hand only — plastic threads strip easily. Run a neat bead of sanitary silicone around the base of the pan where it meets the floor, but leave a short gap at the back so any future leak shows itself instead of being hidden. Take the old toilet to your local recycling centre — most accept ceramic sanitaryware. Clear away dust sheets and packaging.
1 tube · Sanitary silicone sealant

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