WALLS & STRUCTURE

Seal a dusty old plaster wall before painting

Stop chalky, dusty old plaster ruining your paint job by sealing it properly first before you pick up a roller.

SW-01Check the wall and work out why it's dustyRub a dry, dark cloth firmly over the wall. If it comes away covered in fine powder, the plaster is chalky and needs sealing before paint. Tap the wall as you go: solid brick or block sounds dull and solid, lath and plaster sounds hollow with a slight bounce, and plasterboard sounds hollow and even. This matters because lath and plaster is more fragile and can't take a heavy soaking later.
1 each · Dark cloth or rag
SW-02Clear the room and protect everythingMove furniture away from the wall or cover it. Lay dust sheets over the floor and skirting, and tape the edges down so they don't slip. Open a window, as stabilising solutions have strong fumes and this job creates a lot of airborne dust.
1 pack · Dust sheet (twin pack)
1 roll · Low-tack masking tape
SW-03Brush and vacuum off loose materialWear a dust mask for this step. Work top to bottom with a stiff-bristled brush to knock off flaking plaster and loose dust. Vacuum the wall and skirting straight after so dust doesn't resettle. On houses built before the 1960s, old paint layers under the dust may contain lead, so avoid dry sanding and keep the area damp-wiped rather than stirring up more dust than you need to.
1 each · Stiff-bristle dusting brush
1 pack · Dust mask (FFP2, pack of 10)
SW-04Fill any holes or cracksFill small cracks and holes with a fine surface filler using a filling knife. Leave it to cure fully, then sand it flush with the wall. Don't seal over unrepaired damage — the stabilising primer won't bridge a gap and the crack will show through paint later.
1 tub · Multi-purpose filler (500g tub)
1 each · Filling knife
1 pack · Sandpaper (120 grit)
SW-05Vacuum and wipe down againVacuum the wall once more to pick up sanding dust from the filler. Wipe over with a slightly damp cloth to catch any fine dust left behind. Let the wall dry fully before you move on — sealing over a damp wall traps moisture underneath.
1 each · Lint-free cloth
SW-06Apply a stabilising primer — method depends on the wallOn solid brick or block with old lime or sand plaster, brush on the stabilising solution generously and work it into the surface — this masonry can take a fairly heavy coat. On lath and plaster, apply it much more sparingly in thin coats over smaller sections; oversoaking can loosen the plaster's key on the laths behind and make it sag or drop. On plasterboard or dot-and-dab with a chalky painted skim (less common, but it happens on old jobs), use a light coat of stabilising primer or a diluted PVA mix (1 part PVA to 5 parts water) instead of a heavy solvent-based product, as solvent can soften the paper face of the board.
1 tin · Stabilising wall primer (2.5L)
1 each · Paintbrush (100mm)
1 bottle · PVA adhesive (500ml, for plasterboard dilution)
SW-07Let the primer dry fullyLeave the wall to dry as long as the tin says — usually 1 to 4 hours depending on the product and how well the room is ventilated. Don't touch or paint over it while it's still tacky, as this will lift the primer straight off.
SW-08Test the surfaceRub a dark cloth firmly over a few different spots on the wall. If it comes away clean, the dust is sealed and you're ready to paint. If it still picks up powder anywhere, that patch needs another coat.
1 each · Dark cloth or rag
SW-09Apply a second coat where neededGo back over any patchy or still-powdery areas with another thin coat of primer, using the same method for the wall type as before. Let it dry fully again, then retest with the cloth before moving on.
SW-10Clean up and get ready to paintWash brushes in water if you used a water-based primer, or white spirit if it was solvent-based — check the tin. Fold dust sheets carefully so trapped dust doesn't scatter, and keep the window open until any solvent smell has cleared. Most stabilising primers can be painted over within 24 hours, but check the tin for the exact time.
1 bottle · White spirit (1L)

Some links may earn us a small commission at no extra cost to you.

Save this as a project

Back to all guides