TILING

Tile a shower enclosure

Learn to check your wall type, waterproof properly, then tile, grout and seal a shower enclosure in one session.

TS-01Plan the layout and prepare the areaMeasure the enclosure and work out your tile layout so you avoid thin slivers at the edges — start with a full tile at the most visible corner and let cuts fall at the back or floor. Strip off old tiles, silicone and any flaking plaster back to a sound, dry surface. Protect the shower tray or bath with a dust sheet, and turn off the water to the shower if you'll be working near the valve or pipework.
1 each · Dust sheet
1 each · Filling knife
1 each · Multi-purpose filler
TS-02Work out what's behind the wallRun a stud detector or a strong magnet up the wall — a line of screw heads every 400-600mm means plasterboard on studs. Tap along the wall: a dull, solid sound is masonry or dot-and-dab, a hollow drum sound between studs is plasterboard. A small pilot hole in an inconspicuous spot tells you the rest — timber dust means a timber stud, fine grey swarf means a metal stud, and a soft, crumbly feel with thin wood strips behind means lath and plaster.
1 each · Stud detector
TS-03Prepare the surface and fit backer board where neededBefore drilling anything, know where your stopcock is (usually under the kitchen sink) and check it turns, in case you hit a pipe. Use a detector but still treat every spot as if a cable or pipe could be there — detectors miss cables in metal conduit, behind metal-backed board, or deep in the wall. On solid brick or block that's sound and flat, you can often tile directly; on plasterboard over timber studs, fit cement tile backer board with 40mm decking screws driven into the centre of each stud. On metal studs, use self-drilling wallboard screws made for steel — an ordinary wood screw strips straight through 0.5mm steel. On dot-and-dab, avoid heavy backer boards unless upgraded — screw through the plasterboard and dabs into the masonry behind using a fixing long enough to bridge the gap, typically 60-75mm. On lath and plaster, the laths won't hold a fixing at all — strip back to the joists and fit new board screwed into solid timber.
3 each · Cement tile backer board
50 each · Decking screws 40mm
50 each · Self-drilling metal-stud screws
20 each · Long masonry fixing screws 75mm
TS-04Waterproof the joints and cornersApply waterproof tanking tape or liquid membrane to every internal corner, the floor-to-wall junction, and around the shower waste and any pipe penetrations. Overlap tape by at least 50mm and press out any air bubbles. Leave it to cure fully following the product's instructions before you start tiling — usually a few hours.
1 roll · Waterproof tanking tape
1 tub · Liquid waterproofing membrane
TS-05Mark your tiling linesFind the centre point of the main wall and use a spirit level to mark a level horizontal line as your starting baseline, usually one tile height up from the tray or floor. Dry-lay a row of tiles along this line to check your spacing and cuts before you commit any adhesive.
TS-06Fix the first row of tilesMix your adhesive to a firm, ridged consistency and spread it with a notched trowel, combing in one direction. Set your first row along the baseline, pressing each tile in with a slight twist and using spacers to keep gaps even. Check each tile with a spirit level as you go.
1 bag · Waterproof tile adhesive
50 each · Tile spacers 3mm
TS-07Tile up the wall and cut round fixturesWork upward row by row, checking level and alignment often. Cut tiles to fit round the shower valve, pipework and corners with your tile cutter, leaving a small gap rather than a tight squeeze. If you're tiling near an electric shower unit, don't disturb or touch its wiring — altering electrics in a bathroom is notifiable work under Part P of the Building Regulations, and should be left to a qualified electrician.
RULES
1 m2 · Wall and floor tiles
KNOW THE RULES

Electrical work in a bathroom, including near an electric shower, is notifiable under Part P of the Building Regulations — leave wiring to a qualified electrician.

TS-08Leave the adhesive to cureLeave the tiled wall undisturbed for at least 24 hours, or longer in a cold room, before grouting. Don't run water in the enclosure during this time.
TS-09Grout the tilesRemove all spacers, then spread waterproof grout across the joints with a rubber float, working it in diagonally. Wipe off excess with a damp sponge before it dries, then buff the surface with a dry cloth once it's set.
1 bag · Waterproof grout
1 each · Grout float
1 each · Sponge
TS-10Seal the movement jointsNever grout internal corners or the floor-to-wall junction — these need to move slightly without cracking. Run a bead of mould-resistant sanitary silicone along these joints instead, smoothing it with a wet finger or applicator tool. Leave it to cure for the time stated on the tube, usually 24 hours, before the enclosure gets wet.
1 tube · Sanitary silicone sealant
1 each · Silicone applicator tool
TS-11Fit the shower screen or door trackBefore drilling into the finished tiles, check again for cables and pipes, and know your stopcock is working — isolate the electrics at the consumer unit if there's any doubt, and shut off the water before drilling anywhere near pipework. A shower screen pulls on its fixings every time the door opens, so a metal stud alone will not hold it — fix into a timber noggin fitted between the studs, or drill through to the masonry behind. On solid masonry, use the correct plug and drill size for the fixing's weight rating; on timber studs, fix into the centre of the stud with a wood screw; on metal studs without a noggin, use a hollow-wall toggle fixing rated for the load, never a plain wall plug.
1 each · Shower screen fixing kit
4 each · Toggle-type hollow wall anchors
4 each · Masonry wall plugs
TS-12Clean up and let everything cureWipe down all tiled surfaces and the tray or floor to remove grout haze and dust. Clear away offcuts and packaging, and leave the enclosure unused for at least 24 hours so the silicone and grout fully cure before the first shower.
2 each · Cleaning cloths

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