TILING

Tile around a bath

Tile a bath surround from bare wall to sealed finish, working safely whatever is behind your walls.

TB-01Clear the room and protect the bathRemove bathmats, bottles and anything on the bath edge. Lay a dust sheet on the floor and mask the bath itself with tape and an old towel so adhesive and grout don't mark the enamel or acrylic. Take down curtain rails or blind fixings in the tiling area. Check the taps and plug work before you start, so you're not troubleshooting plumbing halfway through.
1 each · Dust sheet
1 roll · Masking tape
TB-02Strip old tiles, sealant and loose plasterHack off any old tiles from the top down with a bolster chisel and club hammer. Scrape away every trace of old silicone sealant from the bath edge with a sealant removal tool or sharp blade — new tiles and sealant won't stick over the old bead. Brush off dust and check the wall underneath. Sort out any crumbling plaster or damp patches before you tile over them.
1 each · Bolster chisel
1 each · Club hammer
1 each · Sealant remover tool
TB-03Work out what's behind your wallTap the wall. Solid brick or block sounds solid everywhere. Plasterboard on timber studs sounds hollow between studs and solid every 400–600mm; a stud detector or magnet finds a line of screw heads, and a small pilot hole brings out pale wood dust. Plasterboard on metal studs has the same hollow-solid pattern, but a pilot hole brings out fine grey metal swarf instead — common in flats and anything built or refitted since the 1990s. Dot-and-dab plasterboard sounds hollow in random patches, not an even stud pattern, because it's glued to masonry with adhesive blobs. Lath and plaster (typically pre-1930s houses) feels slightly springy or bouncy when pressed and gives a dull hollow knock — it's older and more fragile, so go carefully with weight and fixings.
1 each · Stud detector
TB-04Fix a temporary level batten above the bathUse a spirit level to mark a line one tile height (plus a spacer gap) above the bath rim — this batten carries the weight of the first row while the adhesive sets. Before you drill: cables and pipes can run almost anywhere. Use a detector, but still treat the wall as if something is there and prove it isn't — detectors miss deep cables, cables in metal conduit, cables behind metal-backed plasterboard, and metal stud frames confuse cheap detectors further. Find your stopcock (usually under the kitchen sink) and check it turns before you start, so you can shut the water off fast if you hit a pipe. If there's any doubt, isolate the circuit at the consumer unit before drilling. On solid brick or block, drill a 6mm hole to 40mm depth and use a wall plug with a 40mm screw. Into a timber stud, drive a 45mm wood screw straight into the centre of the stud — no plug needed. Into a metal stud, use a self-drilling metal-stud screw or a toggle fixing rated for the load — never a plastic wall plug or an ordinary wood screw, they strip straight through 0.5mm steel. Through dot-and-dab, use a fixing long enough to pass through the plasterboard and the dab void into the solid masonry behind, typically 60–75mm with a plug. On lath and plaster, the laths won't hold a screw on their own — find the timber stud or joist behind with your detector and fix into that instead.
1 length · Timber batten 25x50mm
1 pack · Wall plugs and screws, assorted
1 pack · Self-drilling metal-stud fixings
TB-05Prepare the wall surfaceStrip off any wallpaper completely — tile adhesive won't grip it. Lightly sand gloss paint to give it a key. Prime bare plaster or plasterboard with diluted PVA or a proper tile primer so it doesn't pull moisture out of the adhesive too fast. On dot-and-dab and lath and plaster, press the wall firmly — if it flexes or crumbles, sort that out before loading it with tiles, which are heavier than they look.
1 litre · PVA or tile primer
1 sheet · Sandpaper
TB-06Mark out your tile layoutFind the centre of the wall above the bath and dry-lay a row of tiles along the batten with spacers, to see how the cuts fall at each end. If you'd be left with a thin sliver at a visible edge, shift the centre line so both end cuts are a similar, wider size. Mark your setting-out lines lightly on the wall in pencil.
1 pack · Tile spacers
TB-07Fix the first row of tiles onto the battenMix a small batch of adhesive and spread it onto the wall with a notched trowel, working in one small area at a time. Press each tile onto the batten line, twisting slightly to bed it into the ridges. Fit spacers between tiles and check each one is level and flush with its neighbours as you go.
1 20kg bag · Tile adhesive
TB-08Tile up the wall in rowsWork upwards row by row, checking level constantly. Every few rows, lay a straight edge across the tile faces to check they sit in the same flat plane, not dishing in or bulging out. Keep full, uncut tiles at the most visible edges of the wall and push cuts to the corners or into the bath gap instead.
TB-09Cut tiles for corners, edges and pipeworkMeasure each end tile individually, allowing for a grout line, and cut it with your tile cutter. Use a tile saw or hole cutter for taps, waste pipe or shower valve cutouts, cutting slightly oversize so the tile still fits around fittings without a tight squeeze. Cut the tiles that meet the bath 2–3mm short of the rim — never butt them hard against the bath, they need a gap for sealant later.
1 each · Tile saw or hole cutter set
TB-10Leave the adhesive to cureLeave the tiled wall completely undisturbed for at least 24 hours, or longer if the adhesive packet says so. Don't run the shower or fill the bath near the new tiles during this time — movement or splashing can knock tiles out of place before the adhesive has gripped.
TB-11Remove the batten and tile the bottom rowOnce cured, unscrew the batten and dab a little adhesive into the screw holes. Fill the bath with water first — a full bath settles to its lowest resting position, so cutting the bottom row now avoids gaps opening up later. Cut and fit the last row, again leaving 2–3mm clear above the bath rim.
TB-12Grout the tilesRemove every spacer. Mix grout and spread it with a rubber float, pushing it firmly into each joint at an angle. Scrape off excess with the float, then wipe the surface with a damp sponge once the grout starts to firm up. Buff away any haze with a dry cloth once it's fully dry.
1 5kg bag · Tile grout
1 each · Grout float
1 each · Sponge
TB-13Seal the gap between tiles and bathNever fill the joint where tiles meet the bath with grout — the bath flexes slightly under weight and grout there will crack within weeks. Run a bead of flexible sanitary silicone sealant along the gap instead, smoothing it with a wet finger or sealant tool for a neat finish. Leave it to cure fully — check the tube, usually 24 hours — before using the bath or shower.
1 tube · Sanitary silicone sealant
1 each · Sealant smoothing tool
TB-14Clean upWipe down the tiles with a damp cloth, remove all masking tape and dust sheets, and bag up old tile debris and rubble for disposal. Give the bathroom a final wipe-down before putting bottles, mats and fittings back.

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