TILING

Lay ceramic or porcelain floor tiles on a concrete floor

Lift old flooring, prep the concrete floor, then lay, cut and grout new ceramic or porcelain tiles for a lasting finish.

FT-01Clear the room and lift old flooringEmpty the room of furniture and rugs. Lift any old carpet, underlay, vinyl or laminate and pull up gripper rods. If skirting boards are in the way, ease them off gently with a bolster and pry bar, numbering each board on the back so it goes back in the same place.
1 each · Bolster chisel
1 each · Flat pry bar
3 each · Rubble bags
FT-02Check and prepare the concrete floorSweep and vacuum the floor thoroughly. Tap over the surface with a hammer handle to find hollow or crumbly patches, and check level across several points with a spirit level. Use a self-levelling compound on dips over about 3mm, and make sure any new screed has cured fully (check the drying time with your supplier, often 4-6 weeks) before tiling on top.
1 20kg bag · Self-levelling compound
1 each · Stiff broom
FT-03Prime the floorApply a coat of concrete floor primer with a roller, working it into any porous or dusty patches. Leave it to dry fully according to the tin, usually a few hours, before you start setting out tiles.
1 5L tub · Concrete floor primer
1 each · Paint roller and tray
FT-04Plan the tile layoutMeasure the room and mark the centre point of each wall, then snap chalk lines across the floor at right angles. Dry-lay a row of tiles with spacers along both lines to check the pattern and see where cuts will fall. Shift the starting line if it leaves narrow slivers at the walls or doorway.
1 each · Chalk line
1 each · Tape measure
1 pack of 100 · Tile spacers (3mm)
1 · Ceramic or porcelain floor tiles
FT-05Mix the tile adhesiveMix a flexible, floor-grade tile adhesive to a smooth, ridged paste using a paddle mixer on a drill, following the bag instructions exactly. Only mix as much as you can lay in about 20-30 minutes, as it starts to skin over after that.
1 20kg bag · Flexible floor tile adhesive
1 each · Mixing bucket
1 each · Paddle mixer attachment
FT-06Lay the first row of tilesSpread adhesive along your guide line with a notched trowel, combing it in one direction to an even ridge. Bed each tile in with a slight twist, and push spacers into each corner as you go. Check level with a spirit level and tap down gently with a rubber mallet if a tile sits high.
1 each · Notched trowel
1 each · Rubber mallet
FT-07Continue tiling across the roomWork outward from your starting lines in small sections, spreading only as much adhesive as you can cover before it dries. Kneel on a board rather than directly on fresh tiles to spread your weight evenly, and keep checking level across several tiles, not just the last one laid.
1 pair · Knee pads
1 each · Kneeling board
FT-08Cut tiles for edges and obstaclesMeasure each gap and mark the tile, allowing a 2-3mm expansion gap at every wall. Use a tile cutter for straight cuts and a hole saw or nibblers for pipes and awkward corners. Dry-fit every cut piece before sticking it down.
1 each · Tile nibblers
1 each · Diamond hole saw for tiles
FT-09Leave the adhesive to cureRemove the spacers once the adhesive has gone off, but stay off the floor for at least 24 hours, or longer if the adhesive bag says so. Don't drop tools on it or drag anything across it while it cures, or tiles can shift or crack.
1 roll · Barrier tape
FT-10Grout the jointsMix grout to a firm, smooth paste and pack it into the joints with a rubber grout float, working diagonally across the lines. Wipe off excess with a damp sponge in small sections before it hardens on the tile surface.
1 5kg bag · Floor grout
1 each · Grout float
1 each · Grouting sponge
FT-11Clean the tiles and let the grout cureOnce the grout has firmed up, usually after 30-60 minutes, buff off the haze with a dry cloth. Leave the grout to cure fully for 24-48 hours before heavy use, mopping or standing furniture on it.
2 each · Soft cotton cloth
FT-12Refit the skirting boardsBefore you drill, use a cable and pipe detector along the wall, but still assume something could be there and prove otherwise — detectors miss cables that are deep, in metal conduit, or behind metal-backed board. Find your stopcock (usually under the kitchen sink) and check it turns before you start. If you have any doubt, isolate the circuit at the consumer unit, and turn off the water at the stopcock before drilling near anything that could carry water. Work out what's behind the wall: run a magnet or stud detector along it to track a line of screw heads for timber studs, tap for a hollow sound between studs, or drill a small pilot hole — timber dust means a timber stud, fine grey swarf means a metal stud. In solid brick or block, drill with a 6mm masonry bit and use a 40mm wall plug with a 50mm screw. Into a timber stud, drive a 40mm wood screw straight into its centre, no plug needed. Into a metal stud, use a self-drilling metal-stud screw or a small toggle-type hollow-wall anchor — never a plastic plug or an ordinary wood screw, which strips straight through 0.5mm steel. On dot-and-dab plasterboard, use a screw and plug long enough to pass through the board and dab gap into the masonry behind, typically 75-90mm. On lath and plaster, find the timber laths by feel or with a detector and drive fine screws into them, working gently so old plaster doesn't crack. Skirting is light, so any of these fixings done properly is strong enough — you don't need a noggin or pattress for this job.
1 each · Cable and pipe detector
1 each · 6mm masonry drill bit
1 pack of 20 · Wall plugs (assorted)
1 pack of 20 · Wood screws (assorted lengths)
1 pack of 10 · Self-drilling metal stud fixings
FT-13Seal the edges and finishRun a bead of flexible, sanitary-grade silicone along the gap between the tiles and skirting, and around any pipes coming through the floor, to stop water getting underneath. Smooth it with a wet finger or sealant tool and leave it to cure before mopping the floor.
1 tube · Sanitary silicone sealant
1 each · Sealant gun
1 roll · Masking tape
FT-14Tidy up and dispose of wasteSweep up tile offcuts, spent bags and packaging. Rubble and old tile waste is heavy and often not taken in normal bin collections, so check with your council or arrange a skip for disposal.
3 each · Heavy-duty rubble bags

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